Most cameras come with standard pre-set Scene shooting modes to help users take good photos without having to know the details of exposure. These modes can be useful in helping to transition to asserting more User control over photos with the Priority Shooting Modes.
Always refer to your user guide to learn what the camera is attempting to obtain with these pre-sets. On this website there is also a Shooting Modes Reference Chart for Nikon and Canon camera shooting modes. The Videos Below take a quick walk through Pre-Set Camera Shooting Modes. Each manufacturer calibrates the camera model to find the best exposure components based on the desired outcome of the image (e.g. depth of field, fast shutter speed, etc.)
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bwgax4Gmvgc&w=560&h=315]